While the Chinese government bond markets were generally not efficient in 2015, the efficiency seems to have improved significantly in 2019. Sixth paper on “Chinese Government Bond Market” by Kerry Liu identifies some critical issues having a huge bearing on the bond market. The findings of the study suggest that BRICS countries must provide more incentives to renewable energy sources and accelerate the development of green energy system to attract clean resources and prevent environmental degradation. The authors found an N-shaped association between foreign direct investment and CO 2 emissions in BRICS countries. The authors have analyzed the relationship between foreign direct investment and carbon emissions in the BRICS from 1992 to 2017. The fifth paper captioned “The impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Biomass Energy Consumption on Pollution in BRICS Countries: A Panel Data Analysis” is contributed by Özge and Tüzemen. The writers are of the view that individuals with higher inclination to take risks are certainly more likely to be satisfied with their finances. Fourth paper, by Madinga et al., examines the relationship between financial literacy, financial socialization, and financial satisfaction with financial risk attitude as a mediator. From COVID-19 analysis, it is seen that the pandemic has a significant negative impact on the efforts to attract FDI in Russia and a positive effect on Brazil, while it remains insensitive for other countries. The findings show significantly positive growth in FDI inflows in all BRICS countries except India during the first decade of the present century. Third paper contributed by Chattopadhyay et al., “Trends and Determinants of FDI with Implications for Covid-19 in BRICS,” analyzes the growth and determinants of FDI inflows and impact of COVID-19 on trade openness in BRICS countries during the period 1990–2020. The authors are of the view that an alliance may positively influence the repositioning of each member country’s foodscape to achieve food security both now and beyond this pandemic. Second paper, “Impacts of COVID-19 regime on food systems: Whither BRICS now and beyond?” authored by Amusan and Okorie, examined the impact of the pandemic on the food systems of BRICS.

The study is an important contribution for BRICS countries with respect to trade and poverty.

The paper finds no causal relationship between trade and poverty in BRICS countries. The paper underlines the cause-and-effect relationship between trade and poverty in BRICS countries. All subjects Allied Health Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Endocrinology & Metabolism Environmental Science General Medicine Geriatrics Infectious Diseases Medico-legal Neurology Nursing Nutrition Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Otolaryngology Palliative Medicine & Chronic Care Pediatrics Pharmacology & Toxicology Psychiatry & Psychology Public Health Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine Radiology Research Methods & Evaluation Rheumatology Surgery Tropical Medicine Veterinary Medicine Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Environmental Science Life Sciences Neuroscience Pharmacology & Toxicology Biomedical Engineering Engineering & Computing Environmental Engineering Materials Science Anthropology & Archaeology Communication & Media Studies Criminology & Criminal Justice Cultural Studies Economics & Development Education Environmental Studies Ethnic Studies Family Studies Gender Studies Geography Gerontology & Aging Group Studies History Information Science Interpersonal Violence Language & Linguistics Law Management & Organization Studies Marketing & Hospitality Music Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution Philosophy Politics & International Relations Psychoanalysis Psychology & Counseling Public Administration Regional Studies Religion Research Methods & Evaluation Science & Society Studies Social Work & Social Policy Sociology Special Education Urban Studies & Planning BROWSE JOURNALSįirst paper captioned “Do trade and poverty cause each other?” authored by Rahman et al., touches upon one of the critical issues of trade and poverty.

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